Standards

Applied Science Curriculum

Standard 1: The student develops effective problem-solving strategies.

G6-01*

1.1 Makes observations, inferences, predictions and estimations

1.2 Collects data through a variety of methods

1.3 Classifies and organizes data

1.4 Takes measurements and converts measurements within and between systems

1.5 Communicates observations, research, results and conclusions through a variety of methods and uses appropriate vocabulary

Standard 2: The student understands the nature of scientific knowledge and investigations.

G6-02*

2.1 Knows that an experiment must be repeated many times and yield consistent results before the results are accepted as correct

2.2 Knows that all scientific ideas are tentative and subject to change and improvement in principle, but for most core ideas in science, there is much experimental and observational confirmation

2.3 Understands that questioning, response to criticism, and open communication are integral to the process of science

Standard 3: The student understands the nature and tools of scientific inquiry.

G6-03*

3.1 Knows that there is no fixed procedure called “the scientific method,” but that investigations involve systematic observations, carefully collected, relevant evidence, logical reasoning, and some imagination in developing hypothesis and explanations

3.2 Designs and conducts a scientific investigation

3.3 Knows that observations can be affected by bias

3.4 Uses appropriate tools and techniques to gather, analyze and interpret scientific data

3.5 Establishes relationships based on evidence and logical argument

3.6 Understands the nature of scientific explanations

3.7 Knows that scientific inquiry includes evaluating results of scientific investigations, experiments, observations, theoretical and mathematical models and explanations proposed by other scientists

3.8 Knows possible outcomes of scientific investigations

Standard 4: The student understands science as a human endeavor.

G6-04

4.1 Knows that people of all backgrounds and with diverse interests, talents, qualities, and motivations engage in fields of science and engineering; some of these people work in teams and others work alone, but all communicate extensively with others

4.2 Knows that the work of science requires a variety of human abilities, qualities, and habits of mind

4.3 Knows various settings in which scientists and engineers may work

4.4 Understands ethics associated with scientific study

4.5 Knows that throughout history, many scientific innovators have had difficulty breaking through accepted ideas of their time to reach conclusions that are now considered to be common knowledge

4.6 Knows ways in which science and society influence one another

Standard 5: The student understands basic features of the earth.

G6-05*

5.1 Knows that the earth is the only body in our solar system that appears able to support life

5.2 Knows that because of the tilt of the earth’s axis, sunlight and, hence, heat fall more intensely on one part or another of the earth during its one-year revolution around the sun; the difference in heating of the earth’s surface produces the planet’s seasons and weather patterns

5.3 Knows the composition and structure of the earth’s atmosphere

5.4 Knows that clouds, which are formed by the condensation of water vapor, affect weather and climate; some do so by reflecting much of the sunlight that reaches the earth from sun; others hold heat energy emitted from the earth’s surface

Standard 7: The student understands essential ideas about the composition and structure of the universe and the earth’s place in it.

G6-07*

7.1 Knows that nine planets of differing sizes and surface features and with differing compositions move around the sun in nearly circular orbits; some planets have a variety of moons and rings of particles orbiting around them

7.2 Knows that the sun is a medium sized star, located at the edge of a disk-shaped galaxy, part of which can be seen on a clear night as a glowing band of light

7.3 Knows that the moon’s orbit around the earth once in some 28 days changes how much of the moon is lighted by the sun and how much of that part can be seen from earth, resulting in the phases of the moon

7.4 Knows that the universe contains many billions of galaxies, each containing many billions of stars

7.5 Knows that light travels from the sun to the earth in a few minutes, from the next nearest star in four years, and from very distant stars in several billion years; the distance light travels in a few years would take the fastest rocket thousands of years to travel

7.6 Knows that we live on a fairly small planet, the third from the sun in one of the systems of planets definitely known to exist

7.7 Knows that the sun’s gravitational pull keeps the earth and other planets in their orbits, just as the gravitational pull of planets keeps their moons in orbit around them

Standard 15: The student understands energy types, sources and conversions, and their relationship to heat and temperature.

G6-15*

15.1 Knows that the sun is a major source of energy for changes on the earth’s surface; the sun’s energy arrives as light with a range of wavelengths consisting mainly of visible light with significant amounts of infrared and ultraviolet radiation

15.2 Knows that heat energy moves in predictable ways, flowing from warmer objects to cooler ones until both objects are at the same temperature

15.3 Knows that energy comes in different forms, such as light, heat, chemical, nuclear, mechanical and electrical

15.4 Knows that electrical circuits provide a means of converting electrical energy into heat, light, sound, chemical or other forms of energy

15.5 Understands that energy cannot be created or destroyed but only changed

Standard 17: The student knows the kinds of forces that exist between objects and within atoms.

G6-17*

17.1 Knows that every object exerts gravitational force on every other object; this force depends on the mass of the objects and their distance from one another; gravitational force is hard to detect unless at least one of the objects has a lot of mass

17.2 Knows that just as electric current can produce magnetic forces, magnets can cause electric current

Standards

Applied Science Curriculum

Standard 1: The student develops effective problem-solving strategies.

G7-01*

1.1 Makes observations, inferences, predictions and estimations

1.2 Collects data through a variety of methods

1.3 Classifies and organizes data

1.4 Takes measurements and converts measurements within and between systems

1.5 Communicates observations, research, results and conclusions through a variety of methods and uses appropriate vocabulary

Standard 2: The student understands the nature of scientific knowledge and investigations.

G7-02*

2.1 Knows that an experiment must be repeated many times and yield consistent results before the results are accepted as correct

2.2 Knows that all scientific ideas are tentative and subject to change and improvement in principle, but for most core ideas in science, there is much experimental and observational confirmation

2.3 Understands that questioning, response to criticism, and open communication are integral to the process of science

Standard 3: The student understands the nature and tools of scientific inquiry.

G7-03*

3.1 Knows that there is no fixed procedure called “the scientific method,” but that investigations involve systematic observations, carefully collected, relevant evidence, logical reasoning, and some imagination in developing hypothesis and explanations

3.2 Designs and conducts a scientific investigation

3.3 Knows that observations can be affected by bias

3.4 Uses appropriate tools and techniques to gather, analyze and interpret scientific data

3.5 Establishes relationships based on evidence and logical argument

3.6 Understands the nature of scientific explanations

3.7 Knows that scientific inquiry includes evaluating results of scientific investigations, experiments, observations, theoretical and mathematical models and explanations proposed by other scientists

3.8 Knows possible outcomes of scientific investigations

Standard 4: The student understands science as a human endeavor.

G7-04

4.1 Knows that people of all backgrounds and with diverse interests, talents, qualities, and motivations engage in fields of science and engineering; some of these people work in teams and others work alone, but all communicate extensively with others

4.2 Knows that the work of science requires a variety of human abilities, qualities, and habits of mind

4.3 Knows various settings in which scientists and engineers may work

4.4 Understands ethics associated with scientific study

4.5 Knows that throughout history, many scientific innovators have had difficulty breaking through accepted ideas of their time to reach conclusions that are now considered to be common knowledge

4.6 Knows ways in which science and society influence one another

Standards

Applied Science Curriculum

Standard 1: The student develops effective problem-solving strategies.

G8-01*

1.1 Makes observations, inferences, predictions and estimations

1.2 Collects data through a variety of methods

1.3 Classifies and organizes data

1.4 Takes measurements and converts measurements within and between systems

1.5 Communicates observations, research, results and conclusions through a variety of methods and uses appropriate vocabulary

Standard 2: The student understands the nature of scientific knowledge and investigations.

G8-02*

2.1 Knows that an experiment must be repeated many times and yield consistent results before the results are accepted as correct

2.2 Knows that all scientific ideas are tentative and subject to change and improvement in principle, but for most core ideas in science, there is much experimental and observational confirmation

2.3 Understands that questioning, response to criticism, and open communication are integral to the process of science

Standard 3: The student understands the nature and tools of scientific inquiry.

G8-03*

3.1 Knows that there is no fixed procedure called “the scientific method,” but that investigations involve systematic observations, carefully collected, relevant evidence, logical reasoning, and some imagination in developing hypothesis and explanations

3.2 Designs and conducts a scientific investigation

3.3 Knows that observations can be affected by bias

3.4 Uses appropriate tools and techniques to gather, analyze and interpret scientific data

3.5 Establishes relationships based on evidence and logical argument

3.6 Understands the nature of scientific explanations

3.7 Knows that scientific inquiry includes evaluating results of scientific investigations, experiments, observations, theoretical and mathematical models and explanations proposed by other scientists

3.8 Knows possible outcomes of scientific investigations

Standard 4: The student understands science as a human endeavor.

G8-04

4.1 Knows that people of all backgrounds and with diverse interests, talents, qualities, and motivations engage in fields of science and engineering; some of these people work in teams and others work alone, but all communicate extensively with others

4.2 Knows that the work of science requires a variety of human abilities, qualities, and habits of mind

4.3 Knows various settings in which scientists and engineers may work

4.4 Understands ethics associated with scientific study

4.5 Knows that throughout history, many scientific innovators have had difficulty breaking through accepted ideas of their time to reach conclusions that are now considered to be common knowledge

4.6 Knows ways in which science and society influence one another

Standard 5: The student understands basic features of the earth.

G8-05

5.1 Knows that the solid earth is layered with a thin brittle crust, hot convecting mantle and dense metallic core; _ of the earth’s surface is covered by a thin layer of water; and the entire planet is surrounded by a blanket of air

5.2 Knows that water is a solvent; as it passes through the water cycle, it dissolves minerals and gases and carries them to the oceans

5.3 Knows that relatively small changes of atmospheric content or ocean temperature can have widespread effects on climate if the change lasts long enough

5.4 Knows that the earth’s climate sometimes changes radically in response to the effects of geological shifts

Standard 16: The student understands motion and the principles that explain it.

G8-16*

16.1 Knows that an object’s motion can be described and represented graphically according to its position, direction of motion and speed

16.2 Knows that the motion of an object is always judged with respect to some other object or point, and so the idea of absolute motion or rest is misleading

16.3 Knows that whenever an object is seen to speed up, slow down or change direction, we know that an unbalanced force acts on it

16.4 Knows that if more than one force acts on an object, then the forces can reinforce or cancel one another, depending on their direction and magnitude; unbalanced forces will cause changes in the speed and/or direction of an object’s motion

16.5 Knows that an object that is not being subjected to a force will continue to move at a constant speed and in a straight line

16.6 Knows that vibrations move at different speeds in materials, have different wavelengths and set up wave-like disturbances that spread away from the source

16.7 Knows that light interacts with matter by transmission (including refraction), absorption, or scattering (including reflection); to see an object, light from that object must enter the eye

16.8 Knows that only a narrow range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation can be seen by the human eye; differences of wavelength within that range of visible light are perceived as differences in color

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